CBSE Class 9th | Science | Chapter 11. Work And Energy | Solved Exercises

CBSE Class 9th | Science | Chapter 11. Work And Energy | Solved Exercises

Intext Questions | Page 148 | Chapter 11. WORK AND ENERGY| CBSE Class 9th  Science 

Question 1. A force of 7 N acts on an object. The displacement is, say 8 m in the direction of the force. Let us take it that the force acts on the object through the displacement. What is the work done in this case ?
 Answer. Work done (W) on an object is equal to the product of magnitude of the force (F) and the distance moved by the body (s) in the direction of the applied force
Work done (W) = Force(F) × Displacement (s)
∴ W = 7 N × 8 m = 56 J

Intext Questions | Page 149 | Chapter 11. WORK AND ENERGY| CBSE Class 9th Science

Question 1. When do we say that work is done ?
 Answer. Whenever a force acting on an object, is able to move the object through some distance in its direction, a Work is said to be done .

Question 2. Write the expression for the work done when a force is acting on an object in the direction of its displacement. 

Answer. Work done on an object is defined as the magnitude of the force multiplied by the distance moved by the body in the direction of the applied force.
Let F be the force acting on the object and s be displacement under went by the object in the direction of force, then from the above definition the work done is given by W = Fs

Question 3. Define 1 J of work.
 Answer. Work done on a body is said to be 1 J (Joule) ; if a force of 1 N (Newton) acting on a body, displaces it by a distance of 1 m along the line of action of the force..

Question 4. A pair of bullocks exerts a force of 140 N on a plough. The field being ploughed is 15 m long. How much work is done in ploughing the length of the field ?

Answer. As we know, amount of work done in ploughing the length of the field will be given by the product of Force 'F' and distance 's'

I.e.	Work done = Fs

Here, as given values of Force and Distance , are : F = 140 N, s = 15 m

Hence

Work done = 140 N × 15 m = 2100 J

Intext Questions | Page 152 | Chapter 11. WORK AND ENERGY| CBSE Class 9th Science 

Question 1. What is kinetic energy of an object ? 

Answer. kinetic energy of an object, is the energy possessed by an object on account of its motion. 
K.E. of an object of mass m, moving with a velocity v is given by

K.E. =	1	mv².
	2

Its SI unit is joule.

Example. Water falling down has K.E., due to which it can rotate the blades of a water turbine.

Question 2. Write an expression for kinetic energy of an object. 

Answer. Kinetic energy (K.E.) of an object of mass m moving with velocity v is given by

K.E =	1	mv²
	2

Question 3. The kinetic energy of an object of mass m, moving with a velocity of 5 ms^–1is 25 J. What will be its kinetic energy when its velocity is doubled ? What will be its kinetic energy when its velocity is increased to three times ? 

Answer.

As given here, K.E.=25 J and velocity = 5 ms–1

Also as we know	K.E =	1	mv2	∴ 25 =	1	m × (5)²
		2			2

=>	1	m =	25	= 1	:. m = 2kg
	2		25

When velocity is doubled, i.e. v = 10 ms^–1

	K.E =	1	× 2 × (10)² = 100 J
		2

When velocity is increased three times, i.e. v = 15 ms^{– 1}

	K.E =	1	× 2 × (15)² = 15 × 15 = 225 J
		2

Intext Questions | Page 156 | Chapter 11. WORK AND ENERGY| CBSE Class 9th Science

Question 1. What is power ? 

Answer. Power is defined as the rate of doing work or the rate of transfer of energy. It is scalar  quantity. S.I. unit of power is watt. 1 W = 1 J/s. It is also measured in horsepower ( 1 HP = 746 watt).
If an agent does a work W in time t, then from the definition above, power is given by

	Power =	Work	=	W
		Time		t

	Power =	W	=	Joule
		t		Second

:.	1 W = 1 Js– 1 = 107 ergs–1

Question 2. Define 1 watt of power. 

Answer. The power is said to be one watt, When a work of 1 joule is done in 1 s, 

:.	1 Watt = 1 Js– 1

Question 3. A lamp consumes 1000 J of electrical energy in 10 s. What is its power ? 

Answer. Power is defined as the rate of doing work 

=>	Power =	Work or Energy
		Time

As given, here,

Work 'W' = 1,000 J, time 't' = 10 s, Power 'P' = ?

:.	P =	1000 J	= 100 Watt
		10 s

Question 4. Define average power. 

Answer. Over a period of time, power of an object keeps on varying. When an object or machine performs different amounts of work or consumes different amount of energy in different intervals of time, the ratio between the total work done or total energy consumed to the total time taken is called average power.

:.	Average Power =	Total work done or energy consumed
		Total time taken

Solved Exercise

 Given at the end of Chapter 11. WORK AND ENERGY | CBSE Class 9th Science 

Question 1. Look at the activities listed below. Reason out whether or not work is d one in the light of your understanding of the term ‘work’.
(i) Suman is swimming in a pond.
(ii) A donkey is carrying a load in its back.
(iii) A wind mill is lifting water from a well.
(iv) A green plant is carrying out photosynthesis.
(v) An engine is pulling a train.
(vi) Food grains are getting dried in the sun.
(vii) A sail boat is moving due to wind energy.
 Answer. (i) Suman is swimming in a pond : Yes, Suman is doing work. By pushing water in backward direction, he is able to move in forward direction due to reactionary force offered by the water. Here, the work done is negative, as the displacement of Suman is in opposite direction .
(ii)A donkey is carrying a load in its back : Yes, Apparently, it seems,no work is being done in this case, as force is being applied in vertical direction but displacement is in horizontal direction. Which in real is not the case. The force applied by the donkey is inclined to ground. Vertical part of reaction force from the ground is supporting the weight and horizontal part of reaction force from the ground makes it to carry the wight horizontally
(iii) A wind mill is lifting water from a well : Yes, A wind mill is doing work in lifting water from a well, because the direction of displacement in terms of height as well as force are same.
(iv) A green plant is carrying out photosynthesis : No, in the absence of an applied force and a resulting displacement, apparent ally no work is being done in this case.
(v) An engine is pulling a train: Yes, an engine pulling a train is performing work as due to applied force by an engine, the displacement of train is taking place in the direction of applied force.
(vi) Food grains are getting dried in the sun : No, physically work is done , when food grains are getting dried in the sun. But looking this process in different way, answer is yes. The heat energy from the Sun, converts a part of grains in the form of moisture into steam rising above thus changing the position of water contents hence P.E. 
(vii) A sail boat is moving due to wind energy : Yes, a sail boat is moving due to wind energy is example of work done as direction of applied force and displacement are the same .

Question 2. An object thrown at a certain angle to the ground moves in a curved path and falls back to the ground. The initial and final points of the path of the object lie on the same horizontal line. What is the work done by the force of gravity on the object ?
 Answer. Here the object uder the influence of force of gravity (F) acting in downward direction, exhibits a projectile motion 
F = mg 
Horizontal Displacement = s 
Angle between force of gravity and displacement = 90⁰
We know, when force is inclined, then Work = Force × Displacement ×Cos Θ
∴ Workdone 'W' = Fs cos 90 ⁰ = 0 
Therefor, the work done by the force of gravity on the object is Zero. 

Question 3. A battery lights a bulb. Describe the energy changes involved in the process.

Answer. On connecting a lamp with battery, the chemical energy stored in the battery, is first converted into electric energy, which on passing through filament of lamp gets converted into heat energy and light energy.
The energy changes involved in the process can be shown as given below :
Chemical Energy => Electrical Energy => Heat Energy + Light Energy 

Question 4. Certain force acting on a 20 kg mass changes its velocity from 5 ms^–1 to 2 ms^–1. Calculate the work done by the force.

Answer. Here as given,

Mass, m = 20 kg

Initial velocity, u = 5 ms–1

Final velocity, v = 2 ms– 1

Time, t = 1 s

We know that	v = u + at	=>	α =	v- u
				t

∴	α =	2 ms-1 - 5 ms-1	or	α = –3 ms–2
		1s

Also, as we know

v² – u² = 2as

:.	(2 ms–1)² – (5 ms–1)² = 2 × (–3 ms–2) × s

=>	–21 m²s–2 = –6 ms–2 × s	or	s =	7	m
				2

As

Work done = F × s

or

W = m × a × s

:.	W = 20 kg × (–3 ms–2) ×	7	m
		2

=>	Work done W = –210 Joules

Question 5. A mass of 10 kg is at a point A on a table. It is moved to a point B. If the line joining A and B is horizontal, what is the work done on the object by the gravitational force ? Explain your answer. 

Answer. 

As object is moved from point A to a point B, direction of its displacement AB is horizontal. The direction of gravitational force is vertically downwards or perpendicular to direction of displacement.

∴	W = FS cos 90° = 0

Question 6. The potential energy of a freely falling object decreases progressively. Does this violate the law of conservation of energy? Why ?

Answer. No. The law of conservation of energy is not violated as it states that the sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy of the object would be the same at all points.i.e. 'potential energy + kinetic energy = constant' The loss in potential energy results in an equal gain in kinetic energy of the object.

Question 7. What are the various energy transformations that occur when you are riding a bicycle ? 

Answer. First through bio-chemical reaction, the chemical energy stored in the form of synthesized food product is converted into heat and increased muscular force. On paddling, the muscular force gets transformed into mechanical energy resulting in motion of bicycle.

Question 8. Does the transfer of energy take place when you push a huge rock with all your might and fail to move it ? Where is the energy you spend going ?

Answer. No, as there is no displacement of rock in the direction of applied force, so there is no energy transfer between the rock and our body because . The energy spend is being used up against the static inertia of the rock.

Question 9. A certain household has consumed 250 units of energy during a month. How much energy is this in joule ?
 Answer. As given, monthly household energy consumed = 250 units

= 250 kWh = 250 kW × 1 hr

= 250 × 1000 W × 3600 s

= 900,000,000 J or 9 × 108 Joules

Question 10. An object of mass 40 kg is raised to a height of 5 m above the ground. What is its potential energy ? If the object is allowed to fall, find its kinetic energy when it is half-way down.
 Answer.

As per the statement given

m = 40 kg, g = 9.8 ms–2 and h = 5 m

P. E. of the object at a height of 5 m  = mgh

= 40 × 9.8 × 5 = 1960 J

When the object is half-way down, i.e.,

s = 2.5 m

Let its velocity be v.

As	v² – u² = 2gs

:.

v² – 0² = 2 × 9.8 × 2.5

=>

v²= 49

:. K.E. of the object =	1	mv²=	1	×40 × 49 = 980 J
	2		2

Question 11. What is the work done by the force of gravity on a satellite moving round the earth ? Justify your answer. 

Answer. Work is done by the force of gravity on a satellite moving round the earth is zero. The reason being, as the satellite moves around the earth in a orbit, the direction of the force of gravity is along the radius of its orbit, where as direction of satellite motion is along the tangent to the orbital path at any point. Here as the direction of focre applied and resulting displacement are perpendicular, there for, the work done on the satellite is zero.(W = FS cos 90° = 0) 

Question 12. Can there be displacement of any object in the absence of any external force ? 

Answer. Yes, there be displacement of any object in the absence of any external force. As per Newton's first law of motion, an object will remain in state of rest or motion in a straight line even in the absence of an external force . 

Question 13. A person holds bundle of hay over his head for 30 minutes and gets tired. Has he done some work or not ? Justify your answer.
 Answer. As on application of muscular force, there is no displacement of bundle of hay in the direction of applied force, so work done by him on hay is zero. However, in order to support the weight, the person has to do some work in straining the muscles, as they become loose on tiring.

Question 14. An electric heater is rated 1,500 W. How much energy does it use in 10 hours ?

Answer. As given above, Rated Power of heater = 1,500 W and Time = 10 hrs

As we know	Power =	Work or Energy
		Time

Or	Work or Energy used = Power × Time

:. Energy used by the heater = 1500 w × 10 h

=	1500 × 10	= 15 kWh
	1000

Question 15. Illustrate the law of conservation of energy by discussing the energy changes which occur when we draw a pendulum bob to one side and allow it to oscillate. Why does the bob eventually come to rest? What happens to its energy eventually ? Is it a violation of the law of conservation of energy ? 

Answer. As per the law of conservation of energy, the sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy of the object would be the same at all points.i.e. 'potential energy + kinetic energy = constant' .

When we draw a pendulum bob to one side and allow it to oscillate. Its P.E. at side point say 'B' is mgh and K.E. is zero. As it swing to far end at 'C' through mean point 'A' Its whole P.E. which is mgh at B, gets converted into K.E. on reaching A. And its P.E. i.e. mgh becomes zero. 

	1	mv² K.E.at point A  = mgh , P.E. at point B
	2

v = √2gh

As the bob overshoots A and reaches C' due to this speed. Its energy at C' is partly kinetic and partly potential but the sum of K.E. and P.E. is the same as K.E. at A and P.E. at B. So, when it reaches C, its whole energy is P.E.
Yes, the bob comes to rest after some time because of the resistance of the air to its motion and work done against friction at the point of oscillation O.
No, it is not a violation of the law of conservation of energy. The energy initially possessed by the bob is mostly converted to heat energy due to resistance of air and friction (at point of support). Also, a small fraction of energy is also converted into sound energy. The law of conservation of energy is not at all violated as sum total of all the energies is constant.

Question 16. An object of mass, m is moving with a constant velocity, v. How much work should be done on the object in order to bring the object to rest ?

Answer.

Here,

Mass = m

Constant velocity = u

As the body is in motion, its energy is given by

Energy possessed by the body =	1	mv²
	2

Thus, an equivalent amount of work should be done on the body in order to bring it to rest.

:. The work done on the object will be	1	mv²
	2

Question 17. Calculate the work required to be done to stop a car of 1500 kg moving at a velocity of 60 km/h.

Answer.

Here,

m = 1500 kg

v = 60 km/h =	60 ×1000m	=	50	m/s
	3600 s		3

Work required to be done to stop the car,

W = Change in K.E. of the car

=	1	mv² -	1	m (0)² =	1	mv²
	2		2		2

Putting the values, we get

W=	1	× 1500 ×	(	50	)	²	= 208333.3 J
	2			3

Question 18. In each of the following a force F is acting on an object of mass m. The direction of displacement is from west to east shown by the lower arrow. Observe the diagrams carefully and state whether the work done by the force F is negative, positive or zero.
Answer. (i) In the first case, the force is perpendicular to displacement.

:.	W = Fs cos 90° = 0

(ii) In the second case, F and s are in same direction.

:.	W = Fs cos 0° = Fs = a positive work

(iii) In the last case, as F and s are in opposite direction.

:.	W = Fs cos 180° = Fs (–1)

= a negative work

= –Fs

Question 19. Soni says that the acceleration in an object could be zero even when several forces are acting on it. Do you agree with her ? Why? 
Answer. Yes, I agree with her because an object, being acted upon by multiple forces can be in a state of rest due to cross cancellation of forces. Thus, will have zero velocity. As there is no change in velocity, it will have zero acceleration. On the other hand, When the object is moving with a constant velocity, its acceleration is zero. Even in this situation, multiple forces may act on the object , balancing each other.

Question 20. Find the energy in kWh consumed in 10 hours by four devices of power 500 W each.
Answer. As power of each device = 500 W,
:. Total power of 4 devices = 4 × 500 = 2,000 W
:. Energy consumed in 10 hours = Power × Time

=>	E = 2,000 W × 10h = 20,000 Wh

or	E = 20 kWh.

Question 21. A freely falling object eventually stops on reaching the ground. What happens to its kinetic energy ?
Answer. When a freely falling object eventually stops on reaching the ground, its kinetic energy is converted to heat and sound energy. On the impact with ground, there may be some deformation or destruction at the point of impact, followed by  a rise in temperature and production of some sound .

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Things to remember....

• Work done on an object is defined as the magnitude of the force multiplied by the distance moved by the body in the direction of the applied force.
• Work done against friction is an example of negative work.
• The unit of work is joule.
  1 joule = 1 newton × 1 metre
• Living beings as well as machines need energy to do work.
• Work done by an object is an indicator of the energy possessed by it.
• The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It can only change its form.
• The two main forms of mechanical energy are kinetic energy and potential energy.
• The spring of a watch contains elastic potential energy.
• The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion is called kinetic energy.
• Kinetic energy of a body of mass m and having a velocity v is given by

  K.E =	1	mv2
  	2

• The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or configuration is called potential energy.
• Work done on a body by an external forces is equal to the change in kinetic energy of the body.
• For a body falling freely the sum of kinetic and potential energies at any moment of its fall remains constant.
• The rate of doing work is called power. It is measured in watt and also in horse power (1 H.P. = 746 W).
• Power is given by P = W / t, where ‘W’ is the work done or energy consumed and ‘t’ is the time taken.