CBSE Class 10th Science | Chapter 11. The Human Eye and the Colourful World Solved Exercises

CBSE Class 10th Science | Chapter 11. The Human Eye and the Colourful World Solved Exercises

Solved Exercises | Chapter 11. The Human Eye and the Colourful World |Science | CBSE Class 10th

Question 1. The human eye can focus objects at different distances by adjusting the focal length of the eye lens. This is due to 
(a) presbyopia.
(b) accommodation.
(c) near-sightedness.
(d) far-sightedness. 

Answer. (b) accommodation. 



Question 2. The human eye forms the image of an object at its 
(a) cornea.
(b) iris. 
(c) pupil. 
(d) retina. 

Answer. (d) retina. 

Question 3. The least distance of distinct vision for a young adult with normal vision is about 
(a) 25 m. 
(b) 2.5 cm. 
(c) 25 cm. 
(d) 2.5 m. 

Answer. (c) 25 cm. 

Question 4. The change in focal length of an eye lens is caused by the action of the 
(a) pupil. 
(b) retina.
(c) ciliary muscles. 
(d) iris. 

Answer. (c) ciliary muscles. 

Question 5. A person needs a lens of power –5.5 dioptres for correcting his distant vision. For correcting his near vision he needs a lens of power +1.5 dioptre. What is the focal length of the lens required for correcting (i) distant vision, and (ii) near vision? 


Answer. (i) In case of distant vision

			1
	P	=
			f
			1
	f	=
			P
			1
	f	= −
			5.5
			10
	f	= −
			55
			2
	f	= −
			11
			2
	f	= −
			11
	f	= −	0.181	m
	f	= −	18.1	cm

(ii) In case of near vision.

			1
	P	=
			f
			1
	f	=
			P
			1
	f	= −
			1.5
			10
	f	= −
			15
			2
	f	=
			3
	f	=	0.667	m
	f	=	66.7	cm

Question 6. The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye. What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem? 

Answer. A concave lens is required to correct a myopic vision .
Also, given, far point of a myopic person, f = 80 cm = 0.8 m 

			1
	Power	= −		(in metre)
			Far point (f)
			1
	P	= −		D
			0.8
			10
	P	= −		D
			8
	f	=	1.25	D

Question 7. Make a diagram to show how hypermetropia is corrected. The near point of a hypermetropic eye is 1 m. What is the power of the lens required to correct this defect? Assume that the near point of the normal eye is 25 cm. 

Answer.

As we know that hypermetropia is corrected by using a convex lens.
Here, The near point of a hypermetropic eye is 1 m and the near point of the normal eye is 25 cm.
Therefor, v= − 1 metre = − 100 cm and u= −25 cm
As per lens formula : 

	1		1		1
		−
	v		u		f
	1		1		1
		−
	− 100		− 25		f
	− 1 + 4		1
		−
	100		f
			100
	f	=			cm
			3
			1
	f	=			m
			3
			1
	P	=
			f
			1 × 3
	P	=			Dioptre
			1
	P	=	+ 3.0		D

Question 8. Why is a normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm? 

Answer. The eye lens is composed of a fibrous, jelly-like material. To see closure and distant object, Its focal length can me changed to certain extent by contraction and relaxation of ciliary muscles. The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length by contracting and relaxing its ciliary muscles is called accommodation. To see closer object, ciliary muscles, must decrease the focal length of eye lens. However, the focal length of the eye lens cannot be decreased below a certain minimum limit. To see an object comfortably and distinctly, the distance of object should be at least 25 cm from the eyes. Due to this, a normal eye is not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm. This distance at which objects can be seen is clearly, is called the least distance of distinct vision or the near point of the eye. 

Question 9. What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye? 

Answer. There is no change to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye. To see closer or distant object clearly, the eyes, due to its ability of accommodation, can increase or decrease focal length of its lens, so that the image is always formed at retina. The eye lens is composed of a fibrous, jelly-like material. To see closer or distant objects, focal length of its lenses can be increased or decreased to some extent by the contraction and relaxation of the ciliary muscles. 

Question 10. Why do stars twinkle? 

Answer. The earth atmosphere consists of layers of different gases of varying density. Since the physical conditions of the earth’s atmosphere are not stationary. The refractive index of atmosphere goes on changing continuously. As the starlight, enters the earth’s atmosphere, it undergoes refraction multiple times before it reaches the eyes on earth. This makes the apparent position of the star changing slightly and continuously. Since the stars are very distant, they approximate point-sized sources of light. As the path of rays of light coming from the star goes on varying slightly, the apparent position of the star fluctuates and the amount of starlight entering the eye flickers – the star sometimes appears brighter, and at some other time, fainter, Hence the twinkling of stars.

Question 11. Explain why the planets do not twinkle. 

Answer. The planets are much closer to the earth, and are thus seen as extended sources. If we consider a planet as a collection of a large number of point-sized sources of light, the total variation in the amount of light entering our eye from all the individual point-sized sources will average out to zero, thereby nullifying the twinkling effect. Hence, the planets do not twinkle 

Question 12. Why does the Sun appear reddish early in the morning? 

Answer. As we know, the Sun light consists of seven colours. Due to the presence of molecules of air and other fine particles in the atmosphere, scattering of visible light into different colours takes place. The colours with shorter wavelengths such as blue are scattered easily than colours with longer wavelengths such as Red. In early morning, as the Sun rises above horizon, light from the Sun has to cover a larger distance in the denser medium of earth’s atmosphere before reaching our eyes. The blue light, due to shorter wavelength get scattered in midway and not visible in the sky. Only Red light having larger wavelength is able to reach our eyes due to less scattering. Hence, the Sun appear reddish early in the morning 

Question 13. Why does the sky appear dark instead of blue to an astronaut? 

Answer. As an astronaut moves far away from the earth atmosphere and fly at very high altitude in the space,  the medium becomes rarer.   Due to the absence of air molecules or fine particles, there is hardly any scattering of light. That is why, the sky appears dark to an astronaut flying at very high altitudes, as scattering of light is not prominent at such heights.